Weak-acid biochar catalyst prepared from mechanochemically-activated biomass and humic acid for production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract Many types of sustainably-prepared functional biochar catalysts are needed to transform biomass substrates into platform chemicals. In this work, weak-acid were prepared by mix ball-milled (10 min, isothermal, room temperature) cherry blossom tree leaf (BM) with humic acid (H) prior carbonization samples for 1 h under nitrogen gas. Characterization the as-prepared materials (HBM-carbonization temperature in °C) showed that activated biochars and increased their number oxygen-containing (–COOH, OH) groups. The applied as heterogeneous dehydration fructose 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), where it was found catalyst, HBM-400, gave 100% conversion 77.5% 5-HMF yields an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) reaction system (140 °C, 60 min time). As-prepared HBM-400 exhibited constant catalytic activity repeated use without any type reactivation treatment stable 5 cycles. Humic is effective additive preparing from waste biomass. Graphical